CRACKS PREVENTION OF BUILDING
CAUSES AND
PREVENTION OF CRACKS IN BUILDINGS
1. INTORDUCTION
Cracks in buildings are of common occurrence.
Stress within a structural component may result from external forces applied to it, including dead loads, live loads, wind or seismic pressures,
or from the settlement of foundations.
2. Cracks could be
broadly classified as structural or non-structural.
Which are due to incorrect design.
Faulty construction or overloading
·
Thermal movement
·
Elastic deformation
·
Creep
·
Chemical reaction
·
Foundation movement & settlement of soil
·
Growth of vegetation
3. CLASIFICATION OF CRACKS WITH WIDTH
Cracks May Visible vary in width
Depending upon the crack width cracks are classified as:
First is Thin crack
– it is less than 1 mm in width,
Second is Medium crack – it is 1mm to 2mm in width,
Third is Wide crack – it is more than 2 mm in width.
Fourth is Crazing - Occurrence of closely spaced fine
cracks at the surface of a material is called crazing
The commonly observed crack pattern in building can be
group as,
Cracks in:
·
Walls,
·
RCC members,
·
Renderings and plasters,
·
Concrete and terrazzo floors,
And ·
Roof terrace
5. Types of Foundation
Cracks
1. Vertical Cracks:-
These types of cracks occur
due to the oil settlement and create a lot of pressure on the wall, leading to
cracking.
2. Horizontal
Cracks:-
These cracks are
formed when horizontal pressure is exerted against the wall from the outside.
3. Stair Step
Cracks:-
These types of cracks attack mortar joints between individual blocks due to solid pressure or settlement. These cracks run through the wall and form a stair-step pattern.
6. MEASURES FOR PREVENTION OF CRACKS
Measures
for prevention of cracks could be
broadly classified under the following
1. Regular Maintenance & Repair
Regular maintenance & repair of the building’s structural components
can help prevent cracks from developing or worsening.
1. Crack sealing:
Crack sealing
is a repair method that involves filling a material, such as chemical material
with appropriate mix into the crack to seal it and prevent further damage
2. Crack Injection:
Crack
injection is a repair method that involves injecting a material, such as epoxy,
into the crack to seal it and prevent further damage.
3. Crack Stitching:
Crack
stitching involves using metal plates or rods to stitch the crack back
together. This method is effective for larger cracks that pose a structural
risk.
4. Grouting:
Grouting
involves filling the crack with a grout material to strengthen and stabilize
the surrounding structure.
Apart from Regular
Maintenance & Repair
other Measures for prevention of cracks are
First is Choice
of materials
Certain
properties of building materials have very vital influence on cracking
It
is necessary for the engineer/ architect to have proper knowledge and understanding
of these properties
Second is Specifications
for mortar and concrete;
Specifications
of mortar and concrete have a very important role to play in regard to the
incidence of cracking in buildings.
Third is Architectural
& Structural design;
Proper Architectural
& Structural design also play crucial role to avoid the cracks in
building so it is important to take of all factor at time of design of
building
Fourth is Foundation
design;
Proper
foundation design is essential to preventing settlement-related cracks. A
strong, stable foundation will help distribute the weight of the building
evenly, reducing the risk of settlement.
Fifth is Construction
practices and techniques;
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